Precedent vs. Precedence

Precedent vs. Precedence Precedent vs. Precedence Precedent vs. Precedence By Maeve Maddox A passage in a newspaper article prompted this email from a reader: Im grimacing at a Virginia newspaper passage:the first paid event held at the commons area, which might set precedence for future events I assume the author is not saying that this might make the future events come first. Please discuss the difference between precedents and precedence. The similarity of pronunciation is perhaps one cause of confusion between precedents [PRES-ih-dents] and precedence [PRES-ih-dence], but the error also occurs with precedence and singular precedent. The words are closely related in origin and meaning. Among the meanings of Latin praecÄ“dÄ“ns are â€Å"a person who goes in front,† â€Å"a person who ranks above,† and â€Å"a prior event.† The noun precedence may have originated as an erroneous spelling of the plural of precedent, but it has acquired a distinct meaning of its own. Precedence means, â€Å"the fact of being above or ahead of another or others in order, rank, or importance.† A common idiom is â€Å"to take precedence,† meaning â€Å"to enjoy the right of preceding others in ceremonies and social formalities.† A site on diplomatic protocol for the country of Saint Lucia provides an example of this usage: The Prime Minister, like the Governor-General, as the Head of Government, is entitled to certain privileges and courtesies.   He/she has the right of precedence in all circumstances, except when the Governor-General is in attendance. Things as well as people may â€Å"take precedence† in the sense of being esteemed above something else. An example of this use occurs in a speech by a prime minister of Singapore: For a religious person, conscience and religious conviction take precedence over the laws of the state, but in a multi-religious society like ours, it becomes crucial to keep religion strictly separate from politics. A precedent is â€Å"a previous instance taken as an example or rule by which to be guided in similar cases or circumstances.† A common idiom is â€Å"to set a precedent.† In a legal context, a precedent is a judicial decision that constitutes an authoritative example for subsequent similar cases. For example: â€Å"Griswold v. Connecticut  served as an important precedent in the Roe v. Wade  decision.† Here, with corrections, are some typical errors in the use of precedence for precedent: INCORRECT: A court ruling expected soon- stemming from public access to pretrial information in the William Cruse murder case- may set a precedence in what can be reported in criminal cases before trials. CORRECT : A court ruling expected soon- stemming from public access to pretrial information in the William Cruse murder case- may set a precedent in what can be reported in criminal cases before trials. INCORRECT: If the studio achieves anywhere near the same amount of success theyve seen with Cinderella, which has grossed nearly $160 million since its  March 13 release, it may set a precedence for more live-action flicks to come. CORRECT : If the studio achieves anywhere near the same amount of success theyve seen with Cinderella, which has grossed nearly $160 million since its  March 13 release, it may set a precedent for more live-action flicks to come. INCORRECT: The Kyoto Protocol has set  a significant precedence  for climate target negotiations in the future, and particularly with respect to differentiation of targets between  countries. CORRECT : The Kyoto Protocol has set  a significant precedent for climate target negotiations in the future, and particularly with respect to differentiation of targets between  countries. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives5 Brainstorming Strategies for WritersBail Out vs. Bale Out

Critical Thinking # 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking # 3 - Essay Example Through workplace diversity, employers enhance productivity and creativity and motivate employees to be loyal to the company. Moreover, workplace diversity is important since it develops competitive advantage since employees have the capacity to understand diverse customers’ needs. Companies that disregards people’s gender, race, religion, ethnic group, or sex develops competitive advantage in the diverse market. A diversified workforce is important since it allows employers to access a wide range of potential employees thus enhancing the chances of recruiting the most qualified and talented employee (Kerby and Burns 1). A market environment that includes, represents, and values employees help in motivating employees and fostering productivity. A diversified workforce promotes different cultures, creates an inclusive work environment, and reduces the costs of training and replacing employees (Kerby and Burns 1). In this case, employees understand the customers and identify with their needs to the benefit of the company. The inclusive workforce possesses different perspectives that help organizations to establish new opportunities, satisfy customers’ needs, and understand the market. As such, with the continued value of diversity in the global market, it is inherently important to recruit and retain a diversified workforce. Furthermore, employees in a diverse workplace gain various benefits. Such benefits include respect for one another that reduces the possibility of conflict in an organization (Mayhew 1). By recognizing other people’s opinion and cultures, employees in a diverse workplace establish common grounds that enhance productivity and positive working relations. The idea also helps in conflict management. In a diverse workplace, employees learn from one another, which help in adopting better working styles and developing positive attitudes in a business (Mayhew 1). Indeed, employees

Leading a Team in Crisis Situations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leading a Team in Crisis Situations - Essay Example I chose this topic because of its importance, significance, and relevance in the contemporary age. Everything has changed over the time, and this has had a great impact on the way organizations function. As a leader, the responsibility of adopting the right strategy in these times of change fundamentally rests upon the shoulders of the leader. Change in leadership is inevitable. A leader is frequently exposed to circumstances that generate the need for change. A leader must be intelligent and proactive enough to adapt to these changes and make the wisest decision considering the needs of the changed circumstances. The experiences I have shared in this paper discuss what strategies I have employed to deal with the challenges arising as a consequence of changes that took place, and how those strategies helped me achieve my objectives. Each experience that I have shared demonstrates a different kind of change and accordingly, a different strategy I adopted to lead my team to success. Qu estions that I intend to answer by discussing my personal experiences of change and leadership include but are not limited to; A leader is needed in every organization of any volume, from large corporations to task forces designed to achieve petty tasks. Subordinates look forward to the leader for the establishment of goals and milestones, as well as support, resources, and motivation for their achievement. The behavior of a leader plays a decisive role in the leader’s success. â€Å"The behavior of the leader and the behavior of the group members are inextricably interwoven, and the behavior of both is determined to a great degree by formal requirements imposed by the institution of which the group is a part† (Halpin, n.d., p. 172). There are several conclusions that I can draw from the experience I have shared in the Case I. Firstly, focusing upon making positive advances instead of stopping behaviors is a more effective and useful approach for a leader. Secondly, it is easier for the team to commence actions that accord with their preferred traits. â€Å"Research once again has confirmed wh at we’ve always suspected - your boss can cause you stress, induce depression and anxiety or even trigger the onset of serious illness. It is not just bad managers who can negatively affect employee health, but it is also the lackadaisical and mediocre who can put employees on the sick list† (Williams, 2011). Thirdly, the desired results can be achieved by using different preferred traits in different situations. Behavioral solutions can be customized for different personalities as per their individualistic preferences.

The Need to Establish a Film Industry in Sierra Leone Term Paper

The Need to Establish a Film Industry in Sierra Leone - Term Paper Example Further, schools and colleges were encouraged to join the industry through events such as National Art Festivals. However, all these were dropped at some point. The film has been dragging along without proper regulation and no empowerment at all. Consequently, local Sierra Leoneans can now only produce poor quality films which cannot make it to the international platforms. No wonder, only foreign films shot in Sierra Leone make it to the international level. However, it is worth noting that the spirit to revive the industry is alive. What needs to be done is to set up necessary mechanism such as film schools to empower the industry into producing quality products. Rationale For many in the West, Sierra Leone remains the land of blood diamonds and drugged-up child soldiers, even though the country has been at peace for almost a decade. The film â€Å"Blood Diamond† was the one that installed the image for many overseas. At a time when Sierra Leone was desperately looking to reb rand itself, the film scared off tourists and drove away investors. Now, we will aim to erase that image with the establishment of the new film school. The President of Sierra Leone stressed that the film industry will tell a new story of peace, democracy, humanity, and determined to progress in many areas of human endeavors. Sierra Leone’s first ever film and acting school, IDF Film School, will be established by the Director of Institut de Francais, Ahmed K. Mansaray who also doubles as a movie executive producer and director.

Bilingual Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bilingual Education - Essay Example Bilingual education has brewed arguments that have not to date settled, where both sides present conflicting reasons regarding why the system is incompetent or appropriate to adopt, especially for the non-English speaking. Bilingual education systems supporters argue that education should aim at building, instead of dismantling, the minority learner’s language and culture (Capetillo-Ponce & Kramer 4). They propose that where the students cannot understand English well, incorporation of other natives’ languages is necessary. Because they will be studying the two languages simultaneously and at an advanced level, transition will be easy rather than stubbornly using English that will segregate some individuals and quit learning (Wetig 30). This is due to the absence of understanding that will render them failures in class confinements, whereas it was inappropriate mode of transmitting the necessary information. Additionally, bilingual education once implemented will aid in safeguarding and transmittance of respective cultures to the learners while young (Capetillo-Ponce & Kramer 12). This will assist in molding the character of a student to have necessary morals that will make a reliable an d a mature citizen. Education needs to have an integrating aspect that will enable students fit well in a multiracial society with the absence of segregation. Conversely, critics argue against the idea of bilingual often relying on the phrase â€Å"sink or swim†. This implies that students need to learn to employ the principal language in education if they succeed in America. There is no office in an English-dominated country that will execute its policies or strategies using a native language (Wetig 31). Hence, they must strive to fathom and even be confident in English because it is only through English that many opportunities will be available for them. Emphasis upon English will enable numerous people from other states effectively

Write about the reasons of the need of geometry who Descartes and Essay

Write about the reasons of the need of geometry who Descartes and Fermat contributed founding it. Also write about if there was a rivalry between them If there was, what caused it - Essay Example A theorem that is not simple to write more pithily in simple language called the four-line theorem. In addition, if two of the fixed lines correspond then the conduit of P is still a conic other than the predicament the three-line predicament is easier. Furthermore, Fermat presented his own resistant of the three-line theorem, as well as in doing so, he completed use of systematic technique determining position in a plane by two systematize presentation that if the coordinates are correlated by equations like 2x + 3y = 5, subsequently, the point lies on a instantly line along with rapidly. He also exerted out the equations of the curves identified as conic segment as well as he was moderately familiar with direct methods in three extents (Newman, pp. 49-54). Additional work of a comparable character by Fermat transmits to the problem of erect a tangent to a curve by means of infinitesimals. Moreover, he established a method of scheme that resolved a problem of locale. In addition, almost significant was his method of maxima and minima as well (Mahoney, pp.

Introduction to Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Introduction to Microeconomics - Essay Example Figure 1 shows the pattern of farm gate prices: In 2004-2005, UK still remained as the lowest farm gate priced dairy producer for the 7th consecutive year. Comparing prices, the UK has a 37% gap as compared to Italy who receive a milk price of 35.8 euros/100kg compared to UK at 25.9. The reasons that were deemed to have caused this low farm gate price are the industries poor selling systems, bad forward contracts, excess profits up the dairy food chain, too much spring milk and currency effect or the  £ / Euro relationship. However, even with the loss of farmers, the UK milk and dairy industry has grown gradually but steadily since 1998 and the total value of the market increased by 2.9% to  £7.23bn in 2002 (DEFRA, 2006b).Why then in spite of the loss of producers, is the industry thriving? A September 2005 report by the Milk Development Council revealed that there was a discrepancy between the profits received by sectors of the supply chain. That is, some of them are earning excessive profits at the expense of the others. The report showed that supermarket, retail and processor gross margins on dairy products have increased over the past 10 years. Farm gate prices were also higher on average during 2004 as compared to 2003 but this increase was minimal as can be seen by the figure below: The problem now becomes apparent. The farm gate prices being low, it is expected that local and international sales of the product would be high. This is because low production costs usually mean low sales price. However, because of the high margin imposed on the product by businessmen, the products total production costs becomes much larger leading to higher sales price. This translates to lower sales volume because there is an inverse relationship between price and demand. This unfair share of profits and the low farm gate are what caused Scottish dairy farmers to conduct a blockade over the countrys major milk